---

Introduction

Air rifles have long been a popular choice for shooters in the UK, offering an accessible and versatile way to enjoy shooting sports. Whether used for target practice, pest control, or small-game hunting, air rifles provide an effective alternative to traditional firearms while remaining within the legal framework set by UK gun laws. Their affordability, ease of use, and relatively quiet operation make them particularly attractive to a wide range of enthusiasts.

This guide is designed for beginners, hobbyists, hunters, and competitive shooters who want to deepen their understanding of air rifles. Whether you’re looking for your first rifle, seeking to improve your accuracy, or exploring the best models for hunting, this comprehensive guide will provide the essential information you need.

In the following sections, we’ll cover everything from the different types of air rifles and their calibers to UK legal restrictions, maintenance tips, and shooting techniques. By the end of this guide, you’ll have a clear understanding of how to choose, use, and care for an air rifle, ensuring you get the best performance while staying within legal and safety guidelines.

---

What is an Air Rifle?

Definition of an Air Rifle

An air rifle is a type of firearm that uses compressed air or gas to propel a pellet or projectile, rather than relying on gunpowder or explosive combustion like traditional firearms. Air rifles come in various designs, ranging from spring-powered and gas-piston models to pre-charged pneumatic (PCP) and CO2-powered versions. These rifles offer a quieter and more controlled shooting experience, making them ideal for various applications.

How Air Rifles Work Compared to Traditional Firearms

Unlike conventional firearms, which rely on igniting gunpowder to generate high-pressure gas and propel a bullet, air rifles function by compressing air or gas within a chamber to create propulsion. The key differences include:

• Power Source – Air rifles use compressed air, CO2, or a mechanical spring to fire a pellet, whereas firearms require gunpowder ignition.
• Velocity & Range – While air rifles are powerful, they typically have a lower velocity and shorter range compared to traditional firearms.
• Noise & Recoil – Air rifles produce significantly less noise and recoil, making them more suitable for backyard shooting and pest control.
• Ammunition – Air rifles fire pellets (typically .177, .22, or .25 caliber) rather than bullets, offering precision with minimal environmental impact.

Common Uses of Air Rifles

1. Target Shooting
   • Air rifles are widely used in recreational and competitive shooting sports, including field target and hunter field target (HFT) competitions in the UK.
   • They provide an affordable and accessible way for shooters to practice accuracy and precision.
2. Pest Control
   • A legal and humane method for controlling small pests such as rats, squirrels, and pigeons.
   • Air rifles offer silent and accurate pest management, making them ideal for use in rural and semi-urban areas where firearm use is restricted.
3. Hunting
   • In the UK, sub-12 ft-lbs air rifles can be used for hunting small game, such as rabbits and birds, without a firearms certificate (FAC).
   • For larger game, FAC-rated air rifles exceeding 12 ft-lbs are required and must be licensed.
4. Competitions & Sports Shooting
   • The UK has a strong air rifle competition scene, with disciplines like benchrest shooting, HFT, and 10m air rifle shooting.
   • These sports emphasize precision, consistency, and skill development in a controlled environment.

Air rifles offer an excellent way to learn shooting fundamentals, practice marksmanship, and engage in responsible firearm use, all while remaining compliant with UK firearm laws.

---

Types of Air Rifles

Air rifles come in several different types, each with unique mechanisms, advantages, and drawbacks. Choosing the right type depends on factors such as power, accuracy, ease of use, and maintenance. In the UK, the most common air rifle types are:

• Spring-Piston Air Rifles – Reliable, self-contained, and budget-friendly.
• Pre-Charged Pneumatic (PCP) Air Rifles – High precision, powerful, but requires external refilling.
• CO2-Powered Air Rifles – Convenient and recoil-free but temperature-sensitive.
• Gas Ram (Gas Spring) Air Rifles – Similar to spring-piston but with improved longevity and smoother firing cycles.

Spring-Piston Air Rifles

How They Work

Spring-piston air rifles operate using a coiled spring and piston mechanism. When cocked, the spring compresses, and when the trigger is pulled, the spring releases, pushing the piston forward and compressing air to propel the pellet.

Pros & Cons

✅ Pros:

• Self-contained power source – No need for external tanks or CO2 cartridges.
• Affordable and widely available – Great for beginners and general use.
• Reliable with low maintenance – No air refills or tanks to worry about.

❌ Cons:

• Recoil – The internal spring movement creates a noticeable recoil.
• Requires consistent technique – Holding the rifle too tightly can affect accuracy.
• Single-shot only – Needs to be manually cocked after each shot.

Best Spring-Piston Air Rifles in the UK

• Weihrauch HW97K – Popular for its smooth firing cycle and accuracy.
• Air Arms TX200 – A high-quality underlever rifle with exceptional build quality.
• Gamo Swarm Magnum – Features a multi-shot magazine, reducing reload time.

Pre-Charged Pneumatic (PCP) Air Rifles

How PCP Rifles Function

PCP air rifles use compressed air stored in a high-pressure reservoir (typically 200-250 bar) to fire pellets. This system allows for multiple consistent shots without the need for manual cocking.

Advantages

✅ Pros:

• Highly accurate – No recoil, making it ideal for precision shooting.
• High power levels – Some models exceed sub-12 ft-lbs and require an FAC.
• Multi-shot capability – Many models come with magazines for rapid shooting.

❌ Cons:

• Expensive – Higher upfront cost than springers.
• Requires an air source – Needs a pump, scuba tank, or compressor for refilling.
• Heavier than springers – Due to air cylinders and regulators.

Popular PCP Models in the UK

• FX Impact M3 – A high-end, modular PCP rifle for professional shooters.
• Weihrauch HW100 – Renowned for its reliability and accuracy.
• Air Arms S510 – A great all-around PCP rifle with a sleek design.

CO2-Powered Air Rifles

How CO2 Air Rifles Work

CO2 air rifles use small pressurized CO2 cartridges (often 12g or 88g) to fire pellets. These rifles are semi-automatic or bolt-action, offering quick follow-up shots.

Benefits

✅ Pros:

• No recoil – Perfect for beginners and plinking.
• Fast shooting – No need for cocking after every shot.
• Compact and lightweight – Easy to carry and maneuver.

❌ Cons:

• Temperature-sensitive – CO2 pressure drops in cold weather, reducing power.
• Refilling costs – Cartridges can be expensive over time.
• Limited power – Generally lower energy output than springers or PCP rifles.

Best CO2 Air Rifles in the UK

• Crosman 1077 – Semi-automatic, ideal for plinking and fun shooting.
• Umarex Beretta CX4 Storm – A tactical-style CO2 rifle with excellent ergonomics.
• Gamo Coyote Whisper Fusion – A hybrid CO2/PCP rifle with noise suppression.

Gas Ram (Gas Spring) Air Rifles

How Gas Ram Technology Works

Gas ram (or gas spring) air rifles replace the traditional coiled spring with a sealed gas-filled piston. When cocked, the gas is compressed, and upon firing, the gas expands to propel the pellet.

Differences from Spring-Piston Rifles

• Smoother firing cycle – No spring vibrations, leading to better accuracy.
• Faster lock time – Pellets leave the barrel quicker, reducing shot delay.
• Longer lifespan – Gas rams do not wear out as quickly as metal springs.

Best Gas Ram Air Rifles for Different Purposes

• Weihrauch HW90 – A powerful, high-quality gas ram rifle.
• Gamo Swarm Fusion 10X – Features a 10-shot magazine for rapid shooting.
• Hatsan 125 Sniper Vortex – A budget-friendly gas ram option with good power.

Which Type of Air Rifle is Best for You?

Rifle Type	Best For	Pros	Cons
Spring-Piston	Beginners, budget shooters	Affordable, reliable, low maintenance	Recoil, single-shot
PCP	Accuracy-focused, serious shooters	High precision, multi-shot, low recoil	Expensive, requires refilling
CO2	Casual shooting, plinking	Semi-auto, lightweight, no recoil	Limited power, CO2 cost
Gas Ram	Hunters, long-term users	Smooth firing, longer lifespan	Can be pricey

Final Thoughts

If you’re looking for a budget-friendly, self-contained rifle, go with a spring-piston. If you want precision and power, a PCP air rifle is the best choice, provided you can handle the extra costs of refilling. For casual backyard shooting, CO2 rifles offer a convenient and fun option. If you want a long-lasting alternative to springers, gas ram air rifles provide smooth shooting with minimal recoil.

---

Find out how the whole Air Rifle trend started in our The History of Air Rifles article.

Air Rifle Calibers

Choosing the right caliber is one of the most important decisions when selecting an air rifle. The caliber determines accuracy, power, and suitability for different shooting applications. In the UK, the most common air rifle calibers are .177, .22, and .25, each offering distinct advantages and drawbacks depending on hunting, target shooting, or pest control needs.

---

Overview of Common Air Rifle Calibers

Caliber	Pellet Size	Typical Velocity	Best Uses
.177	4.5mm	800-1000+ fps	Target shooting, small pests
.22	5.5mm	500-900 fps	Pest control, small-game hunting
.25	6.35mm	400-800 fps	Hunting, high-impact shots

.177 Caliber (4.5mm)

✅ Pros:

• Highest velocity – Shoots flatter and faster, reducing pellet drop.
• Best for target shooting – Common in competition shooting due to accuracy.
• Affordable & widely available – Most common pellet size, with many choices.

❌ Cons:

• Less stopping power – Small size means less energy transfer on impact.
• More over-penetration – Can pass through small game without a clean kill.

🔹 Best for: Target shooting, plinking, and small pest control (rats, pigeons).

.22 Caliber (5.5mm)

✅ Pros:

• Better stopping power – Hits harder than .177, ideal for small-game hunting.
• Less risk of over-penetration – Delivers more energy on impact.
• Good balance of accuracy and power – A favorite among UK hunters.

❌ Cons:

• More pellet drop – Heavier pellets mean a more curved trajectory over long distances.
• Slightly lower velocity – Typically slower than .177, requiring better range estimation.

🔹 Best for: Pest control, small-game hunting (rabbits, squirrels, corvids).

.25 Caliber (6.35mm)

✅ Pros:

• Maximum impact & stopping power – Ideal for tougher game.
• Less affected by wind – Heavier pellets maintain momentum better in outdoor conditions.
• Great for high-powered PCP rifles – Can handle FAC-level energy outputs.

❌ Cons:

• Slowest velocity – More pronounced pellet drop at longer ranges.
• Limited pellet options – Fewer choices compared to .177 and .22.
• Not ideal for non-FAC rifles – Requires higher energy for effectiveness.

🔹 Best for: Hunting larger small game (hares, larger birds) with FAC-rated rifles.

Comparison Chart: Pellet Sizes & Velocities

Caliber	Average Pellet Weight	Velocity (Sub-12 ft-lbs Rifle)	Velocity (FAC Rifle 30 ft-lbs+)
.177	7-10 grains	800-1000+ fps	1000-1200 fps
.22	14-18 grains	500-900 fps	800-1000 fps
.25	19-25+ grains	400-800 fps	700-900 fps

Which Caliber is Best for You?

• For target shooting → .177 (flatter trajectory, higher speed).
• For general pest control → .22 (stronger impact, better energy transfer).
• For serious hunting → .25 (high power, best stopping force, recommended for FAC rifles).

Final Thoughts

While .177 and .22 remain the most popular calibers in the UK, your choice should depend on your shooting style, distance, and intended use. If you’re mainly target shooting, go for .177. If you need versatility for hunting and pest control, .22 is the best balance. For serious hunters with an FAC license, .25 provides unmatched stopping power.

---

You can find out more about .25 Caliber Airguns in our .25 Claiber Airguns Guide

Air Rifle Power & UK Legal Limits

Air rifle power is a crucial factor that determines accuracy, range, and legal classification in the UK. Understanding the UK’s 12 ft-lbs legal limit and how it affects air rifle performance is essential for choosing the right rifle and staying compliant with regulations.

UK Air Rifle Power Limits

In the UK, air rifles are classified based on their muzzle energy, which is measured in foot-pounds (ft-lbs):

• Sub-12 ft-lbs Air Rifles(No Firearms Certificate Required)
  • Legal for anyone over 18 years old to own without a licence.
  • Ideal for target shooting, plinking, and small pest control.
  • Popular among hobbyists and sport shooters due to their accessibility.
• Firearms Certificate (FAC) Air Rifles(Over 12 ft-lbs, Licence Required)
  • Require a Firearms Certificate (FAC) issued by the police.
  • Can exceed 30 ft-lbs or more, offering higher power and longer range.
  • Used mainly for hunting larger pests (rabbits, foxes) and long-range shooting.

⚠️ Important: Possessing an air rifle above 12 ft-lbs without an FAC is a criminal offence in the UK and can lead to prosecution.

Differences Between Sub-12 ft-lbs and FAC-Rated Air Rifles

Feature	Sub-12 ft-lbs	FAC-Rated
Legal Requirement	No licence required	Firearms Certificate (FAC) required
Best For	Plinking, target shooting, small pest control	Hunting, long-range shooting
Max Effective Range	30-50 yards	70+ yards
Pellet Energy	Lower impact, designed for precision	Higher impact, suitable for larger game
Power Source	Spring, Gas Ram, PCP, CO2	PCP (mostly) due to high power needs

How Power Levels Impact Accuracy & Range

The power of an air rifle affects both accuracy and effective range. However, higher power doesn’t always mean better accuracy—several factors play a role:

• Sub-12 ft-lbs rifles can be extremely accurate within 30-50 yards, making them ideal for competition shooting and pest control.
• FAC air rifles can extend range beyond 70 yards, but require heavier pellets, more skill, and careful trajectory calculations.
• Too much power can reduce accuracy—higher speeds may cause pellets to destabilize, especially in lighter calibers like .177.

Understanding Muzzle Velocity & Energy Calculations

Muzzle velocity (fps/mps) and muzzle energy (ft-lbs) are key factors in air rifle performance. The relationship between them is determined by this formula:E=(M×V2)450240E = \frac{(M \times V^2)}{450240}E=450240(M×V2)​

Where:

• E = Muzzle energy (ft-lbs)
• M = Pellet weight (grains)
• V = Muzzle velocity (feet per second)
• 450240 = Conversion constant

Example Calculation:

If a .22 pellet weighing 14.3 grains is fired at 600 fps, its energy is:E=(14.3×6002)450240=11.44 ft-lbsE = \frac{(14.3 \times 600^2)}{450240} = 11.44 \text{ ft-lbs}E=450240(14.3×6002)​=11.44 ft-lbs

This keeps it within the UK’s legal limit for unlicensed ownership.

💡 Tip: Heavier pellets carry more energy at longer distances, making them ideal for hunting and FAC-rated rifles.

Key Takeaways

• Sub-12 ft-lbs rifles are legal to own without a licence and are great for target shooting and pest control.
• FAC-rated rifles require a Firearms Certificate and provide greater range and power for hunting.
• Higher power isn’t always better—accuracy and pellet stability are just as important.
• Understanding muzzle energy calculations helps ensure your rifle stays within legal limits.

---

Choosing the Right Air Rifle for Your Needs

Selecting the right air rifle depends on your experience level, intended use, and budget. Whether you’re a beginner, a hunter, or a target shooter, understanding which rifle best suits your needs will help you make the right choice.

Best Air Rifles for Beginners

If you’re new to air rifles, it’s best to start with a model that is easy to use, reliable, and affordable. Consider:

✅ Spring-piston air rifles – Simple, no need for external power sources.
✅ Break-barrel design – Easy to reload and maintain.
✅ Moderate power (sub-12 ft-lbs) – Ideal for learning accuracy and safety.

🔥 Top Picks for Beginners (UK)

• Weihrauch HW30S – Lightweight, accurate, and smooth to shoot.
• Gamo Whisper Sting – Budget-friendly, quiet, and easy to handle.
• BSA Meteor Super – A classic British rifle with solid performance.

Best Air Rifles for Hunting in the UK

For hunting, you’ll need power, accuracy, and consistency. While sub-12 ft-lbs rifles can handle small pests, FAC-rated rifles are ideal for larger game.

✅ PCP air rifles – Excellent accuracy and power for hunting.
✅ .22 or .25 caliber – More stopping power than .177.
✅ Reliable optics – A good scope is essential for precision shots.

🔥 Top Hunting Air Rifles (UK)

• Air Arms S510 (PCP) – A high-end, accurate, and powerful hunting rifle.
• Weihrauch HW100 (PCP) – Superb build quality and consistency.
• BSA R12 CLX Pro (PCP) – Excellent balance and hunting performance.
• Hatsan 125 (Spring-piston) – Affordable but powerful for pest control.

Best Air Rifles for Target Shooting

If precision shooting is your goal, you need an air rifle that offers high accuracy, smooth firing, and minimal recoil.

✅ PCP air rifles – Best choice for extreme accuracy.
✅ .177 caliber – Flatter trajectory for precise shots.
✅ Adjustable triggers – Improves shot control and comfort.

🔥 Top Target Shooting Air Rifles (UK)

• Weihrauch HW97K (Spring-piston) – Extremely accurate and well-built.
• Air Arms TX200 (Spring-piston) – A competition-grade springer.
• Feinwerkbau 800X (PCP) – Elite-level accuracy for professional shooting.
• Anschutz 9015 (PCP) – A world-class competition air rifle.

Budget vs. Premium Options

💰 Budget Air Rifles (£150 – £300)

• Good for beginners or casual shooters.
• Typically spring-piston or CO2-powered.
• Lower-end scopes or open sights included.
• Examples: Gamo Varmint, Crosman Phantom, SMK XS19.

💎 Premium Air Rifles (£500 – £2000+)

• Best for serious hunters or competition shooters.
• PCP systems with precision barrels and advanced optics.
• Superior craftsmanship, higher durability, and adjustable features.
• Examples: FX Impact M3, Air Arms S510 Ultimate Sporter, Weihrauch HW100.

Checklist for Buying an Air Rifle

Before purchasing, use this checklist to ensure you get the right rifle:

✔️ What will you use it for? (Target shooting, hunting, pest control?)
✔️ Caliber choice? (.177 for precision, .22 for hunting)
✔️ Power level? (Sub-12 ft-lbs for general use, FAC for hunting)
✔️ Type of rifle? (Spring-piston, PCP, CO2, gas ram?)
✔️ Ease of maintenance? (PCPs require air refills, springers are self-contained)
✔️ Weight and comfort? (Lightweight for beginners, balanced for hunters)
✔️ Budget? (Affordable starter or high-end competition model?)
✔️ Legal considerations? (Do you need an FAC?)

Key Takeaways

• Beginners should start with an easy-to-use, affordable air rifle.
• Hunters need powerful, accurate PCP or FAC-rated rifles.
• Target shooters should focus on high-precision, low-recoil models.
• Budget vs. premium – Consider performance, durability, and cost.
• Always check UK legal requirements before purchasing.

---

Air Rifle Accessories & Upgrades

Upgrading your air rifle with the right accessories can improve accuracy, handling, and overall performance. Whether you’re target shooting, hunting, or competing, choosing the right gear is essential.

Scopes & Optics: Choosing the Right Magnification

A good scope enhances accuracy, especially for long-range shooting. The right magnification depends on your shooting style:

🔹 3-9×40 – Best for general use, pest control, and hunting.
🔹 4-16×50 – Ideal for precision target shooting and longer distances.
🔹 Fixed-power scopes (e.g., 4×32) – Simpler, lighter, and great for beginners.
🔹 Adjustable Objective (AO) scopes – Essential for eliminating parallax errors.
🔹 Mildot reticles – Help with range estimation and holdover adjustments.

🔥 Best Scope Brands for Air Rifles

• Hawke Airmax 4-12×50 – Excellent optics designed for air rifles.
• MTC Viper Pro 5-30×50 – High-end scope for serious shooters.
• Nikko Stirling Mountmaster 3-9×40 – Affordable and reliable.

Tip: Look for a scope with shockproof and parallax adjustment features to handle the unique recoil of spring-powered air rifles.

Silencers & Moderators (UK Regulations)

Silencers (sound moderators) reduce noise when shooting, which is useful for:
✅ Hunting – Avoids scaring off other animals.
✅ Backyard shooting – Prevents noise complaints.
✅ Target practice – Provides a quieter shooting experience.

⚖️ Are Silencers Legal in the UK?

• Silencers are legal but may require a Firearm Certificate (FAC) if used on high-powered (FAC-rated) air rifles.
• Sub-12 ft-lbs air rifles can legally use silencers without an FAC.
• Always check local regulations before purchasing.

🔥 Top Air Rifle Silencers in the UK

• Weihrauch HW Moderator – Highly effective, lightweight, and compact.
• Huggett Belita – Premium build with great noise reduction.
• SAK Silencer – Good balance of price and performance.

Bipods & Shooting Rests

A bipod or shooting rest helps stabilize your rifle, improving accuracy and reducing shooter fatigue.

✅ Best for PCP rifles – Ideal for bench-rest shooting and hunting.
✅ Adjustable bipods – Allow for different shooting positions.
✅ Shooting bags and rests – Useful for precise target shooting.

🔥 Best Bipods & Rests for Air Rifles

• Harris Engineering S-BRM Bipod – High-quality, lightweight, and adjustable.
• Hawke Adjustable Rifle Rest – Great for bench shooting.
• Caldwell DeadShot Shooting Bags – Affordable and stable.

Tip: If using a spring-piston air rifle, avoid rigid bipods, as they can interfere with the rifle’s recoil cycle and affect accuracy.

Best Pellets for Accuracy & Power

Choosing the right pellets can greatly impact performance. The best type depends on your shooting application:

🔹 .177 Pellets – Best for target shooting due to higher velocity and flatter trajectory.
🔹 .22 Pellets – Better for hunting and pest control, offering more stopping power.
🔹 .25 Pellets – Heavy-hitting but require an FAC-rated rifle.

🔥 Top Air Rifle Pellet Brands in the UK

• JSB Exact Diabolo (.177 & .22) – Excellent accuracy and consistency.
• H&N Field Target Trophy – High-quality hunting pellets.
• Air Arms Diabolo Field – Well-balanced for target shooting and hunting.
• RWS Superdome – Great all-around performance.

Tip: Try different pellet brands to see which works best with your rifle. Each barrel has slight variations that can affect accuracy.

Custom Stock Options & Upgrades

A custom stock improves comfort, handling, and aesthetics. Upgrading your stock can:
✅ Enhance grip and stability.
✅ Provide better weight distribution.
✅ Improve recoil absorption.

🔥 Popular Custom Stock Materials

• Laminate wood – Durable, stylish, and stable in all weather conditions.
• Synthetic – Lightweight and weather-resistant.
• Walnut – Classic look with excellent ergonomics.

🔥 Top Custom Stock Brands

• Gunstocks.co.uk – Custom wood and synthetic stocks.
• Form Rifle Stocks – High-end stocks for Air Arms, Weihrauch, and FX rifles.
• Boyds Hardwood Stocks – Great for personalization.

Key Takeaways

• A quality scope is essential for precision shooting – choose the right magnification for your needs.
• Silencers are legal in the UK for sub-12 ft-lbs rifles but check local regulations.
• Bipods and rests improve stability, especially for PCP rifles.
• Pellet selection impacts accuracy and power – test different brands for best results.
• Upgrading your stock enhances comfort, durability, and performance.

---

Air Rifle Maintenance & Care

Proper maintenance is essential to keep your air rifle performing at its best. Regular cleaning, safe storage, and troubleshooting common issues will extend the lifespan of your rifle and maintain its accuracy.

Cleaning Your Air Rifle

Keeping your air rifle clean improves accuracy and prevents wear. While air rifles don’t produce powder residue like firearms, pellet debris, dirt, and lubricant buildup can still affect performance.

🔹 Barrel Cleaning

• Use a pull-through cleaning kit or felt cleaning pellets.
• Avoid metal brushes, as they can damage the rifling.
• For stubborn buildup, use a few drops of airgun-safe oil on a cleaning patch.
• Clean the barrel every 500-1000 shots, or when accuracy declines.

🔹 Lubrication & Moving Parts

Different air rifles require specific types of lubrication:

✅ Spring-Piston & Gas Ram Rifles – Use a tiny amount of spring cylinder oil to avoid dieseling (igniting oil inside the chamber).
✅ PCP Rifles – Lubricate O-rings and seals with silicone-based grease to prevent leaks.
✅ CO2 Rifles – Apply a drop of Pellgunoil or similar lubricant to CO2 cartridges to protect seals.

🚨 Avoid petroleum-based oils as they can damage seals and cause performance issues.

🔹 Stock Maintenance

• Wooden stocks – Use gun stock wax or linseed oil to prevent cracking.
• Synthetic stocks – Clean with a damp cloth and mild soap if necessary.

How to Store an Air Rifle Safely

Proper storage prevents damage and keeps your rifle secure.

✅ Store in a gun cabinet or case – Protects from dust, moisture, and accidental knocks.
✅ Keep away from extreme temperatures – Avoid storing in damp or very hot areas.
✅ Unload before storage – Never store with a pellet in the chamber.
✅ Use a gun lock if necessary – Especially important if children are present.

🔹 For long-term storage: Lightly oil metal parts to prevent rust. If possible, store spring-powered rifles uncocked to prevent spring fatigue.

Common Issues & Troubleshooting

Even well-maintained air rifles can develop problems. Here’s how to diagnose and fix common issues:

🔹 Loss of Power (Low FPS)

❌ Possible causes:

• Dirty barrel or excessive lubrication.
• PCP Rifles: Low air pressure in the cylinder.
• Spring Rifles: Worn-out mainspring.
• CO2 Rifles: Low CO2 levels.

✅ Fix:

• Clean the barrel.
• Check for air leaks (listen for hissing sounds).
• Recharge PCP cylinders or replace CO2 cartridges.
• If the power is still low, the rifle may need servicing.

🔹 Accuracy Problems (Pellets Not Grouping Well)

❌ Possible causes:

• Dirty barrel or lead buildup.
• Loose scope mounts.
• Using the wrong type of pellets.
• Inconsistent shooting technique.

✅ Fix:

• Clean the barrel.
• Re-tighten scope mounts and check for parallax issues.
• Experiment with different pellet brands and weights.
• Ensure consistent hold technique, especially for spring-powered rifles.

🔹 Air Leaks (PCP & CO2 Rifles)

❌ Possible causes:

• Worn-out O-rings or seals.
• Loose air cylinder connections.

✅ Fix:

• Apply silicone grease to seals and O-rings.
• Check for leaks by placing soapy water around connections—bubbles indicate a leak.
• Replace damaged seals if necessary.

How to Extend the Lifespan of Your Rifle

✔️ Use high-quality pellets – Cheap or damaged pellets wear down the barrel faster.
✔️ Store properly – Keep in a dry, cool place to prevent rust and seal degradation.
✔️ Clean regularly – A well-maintained rifle lasts longer and stays accurate.
✔️ Avoid excessive lubrication – Too much oil can cause dieseling and damage seals.
✔️ Check for wear – Inspect springs, seals, and moving parts periodically.

Key Takeaways

• Regular cleaning keeps your air rifle accurate and reliable.
• Proper lubrication prevents wear—but avoid over-lubrication.
• Safe storage protects your rifle and keeps it secure.
• Troubleshooting common issues helps maintain power and accuracy.
• Routine maintenance ensures your air rifle lasts for years.

---

UK Air Rifle Laws & Safety Regulations

Owning and using an air rifle in the UK is subject to strict legal regulations to ensure public safety. Understanding these laws is essential to stay compliant and avoid penalties.

Who Can Own an Air Rifle in the UK?

🔹 Minimum Age Requirements:

• Under 14 years old – Can use an air rifle under adult supervision on private land with permission.
• 14 to 17 years old – Can own an air rifle but cannot purchase one or ammunition. They may use an air rifle without supervision on private property with the landowner’s consent.
• 18 years and older – Can legally buy, own, and use an air rifle and ammunition.

🚨 It is illegal to sell or gift an air rifle to anyone under 18.

Licensing Requirements (FAC-Rated Air Rifles)

Most air rifles in the UK do not require a firearm certificate (FAC) as long as they are within legal power limits.

✅ Non-FAC Air Rifles:

• Must have a muzzle energy of 12 ft-lbs or less for rifles.
• Must have a muzzle energy of 6 ft-lbs or less for air pistols.
• No license required if within these limits.

❌ FAC-Rated Air Rifles (Above 12 ft-lbs):

• Require a Firearm Certificate (FAC) issued by the police.
• Must have good reason for ownership (e.g., pest control, sport shooting).
• Storage must meet firearms security standards, such as a lockable gun cabinet.

⚠️ Air pistols over 6 ft-lbs are strictly prohibited and are classified as prohibited firearms.

Where You Can Shoot Legally

Shooting an air rifle without proper permission or in unsafe areas is illegal.

✅ Allowed Locations:

• Private Land – Only with the landowner’s permission.
• Airgun Clubs & Ranges – Licensed clubs provide a legal and controlled environment.
• Pest Control (If Permitted) – Farmers and landowners may allow responsible pest control.

❌ Illegal Locations:

• Public Places – It is illegal to fire an air rifle in a public area (parks, roads, footpaths).
• Near a Public Highway – Shooting within 50 feet (15 meters) of a public road is illegal if it causes danger to the public.

🚨 You are responsible for ensuring pellets do not leave the boundaries of the land where you are shooting.

Transporting an Air Rifle Legally

✅ Safe Transport Rules:

• Must be unloaded and stored securely in a gun bag or case.
• Should not be easily accessible while travelling.
• When transporting in a vehicle, keep the rifle out of sight (e.g., in the boot).

⚠️ Carrying an air rifle uncovered in a public place without a reasonable excuse is a criminal offence.

Penalties for Misuse

Breaking air rifle laws in the UK can result in serious penalties, including fines, confiscation, and prison sentences.

🚨 Potential Offences & Consequences:

Offence	Penalty
Possessing an air rifle in public without good reason	Up to 6 months in prison and/or a fine
Firing an air rifle beyond private property boundaries	Fine and/or possible firearm confiscation
Under-18 possession without supervision (where required)	Fine or prosecution of the responsible adult
Owning a rifle over 12 ft-lbs without an FAC	Up to 5 years in prison
Using an air rifle dangerously or for criminal activity	Severe penalties, including long-term imprisonment

⚠️ If an air rifle is used recklessly, it can be treated as a firearm offence, leading to serious legal consequences.

Key Takeaways

• No license is required for air rifles under 12 ft-lbs (6 ft-lbs for pistols).
• FAC is required for rifles over 12 ft-lbs.
• You must have permission to shoot on private land.
• Shooting near roads or public places is illegal.
• Transporting an air rifle safely prevents legal issues.
• Misuse can result in heavy fines, confiscation, or imprisonment.

---

Getting Started with Air Rifle Shooting

Whether you’re new to air rifles or looking to sharpen your skills, learning proper shooting techniques is essential for accuracy, safety, and enjoyment. This section will cover the fundamentals of shooting, scope adjustments, accuracy drills, and finding local air rifle clubs in the UK.

---

Basic Shooting Techniques

Mastering the fundamentals will improve your accuracy and consistency.

1. Proper Shooting Stance

✅ Standing: Feet shoulder-width apart, body relaxed, supporting hand steady under the forearm.
✅ Kneeling: One knee on the ground for better stability in outdoor shooting.
✅ Prone (Lying Down): Provides maximum stability for precision shooting.

2. Holding the Rifle Correctly

🔹 Grip: Keep your grip relaxed to avoid unnecessary movement.
🔹 Cheek Weld: Rest your cheek firmly on the stock at the same position every time.
🔹 Trigger Control: Apply slow and steady pressure without jerking.
🔹 Follow-Through: Keep aiming after firing to maintain shot accuracy.

3. Breathing Control

🔹 Take a deep breath, exhale halfway, and then hold while pulling the trigger.
🔹 Helps reduce movement caused by breathing.

How to Sight in a Scope Properly

A properly zeroed scope is crucial for accurate shooting. Here’s how to set it up:

Step 1: Secure Your Rifle

Use a stable rest or bipod to keep the rifle steady.

Step 2: Choose a Distance

• Start at 10–15 meters for initial adjustments.
• Move to 25–30 meters for fine-tuning.

Step 3: Fire a 3-Shot Group

• Aim at the target’s center and fire three shots.
• Observe the grouping and measure how far off the shots are.

Step 4: Adjust Windage & Elevation

• Windage (Left/Right): Adjust the side dial to move shots left or right.
• Elevation (Up/Down): Adjust the top dial to move shots higher or lower.

🔹 Repeat steps until shots consistently hit the bullseye.

Improving Accuracy with Practice Drills

Regular practice is key to developing precision and consistency. Here are some effective training drills:

🎯 1. Grouping Drill

• Fire five shots at a small target.
• Try to tighten the grouping with each attempt.

🎯 2. Hold Control Drill

• Aim at the target and hold position for 10 seconds before firing.
• Helps develop steadiness and muscle control.

🎯 3. Distance Variation Drill

• Shoot from 10m, 20m, and 30m to understand how pellet trajectory changes.
• Helps with range estimation and scope adjustments.

🎯 4. Moving Target Practice

• Some ranges offer spinning or knock-down targets.
• Improves quick aiming and reaction time.

Joining a Local Air Rifle Club in the UK

Becoming a member of an air rifle club offers safe practice environments, competitions, and expert coaching.

Benefits of Joining a Club

✅ Safe and legal shooting facilities
✅ Training from experienced shooters
✅ Access to competitions and events
✅ Networking with fellow enthusiasts

How to Find an Air Rifle Club Near You

🔹 Visit the British Association for Shooting & Conservation (BASC) website.
🔹 Check the National Small-bore Rifle Association (NSRA).
🔹 Search for local shooting ranges on Google or Facebook groups.

Key Takeaways

✅ Master proper stance, grip, and breathing control for accuracy.
✅ Learn to sight in your scope for precision shooting.
✅ Practice regularly using accuracy drills.
✅ Join a local air rifle club for training, competitions, and a safe shooting environment.

---

Conclusion

Air rifles offer an accessible, versatile, and rewarding shooting experience for hobbyists, hunters, and target shooters alike. Whether you’re a beginner learning the basics or an experienced marksman fine-tuning your skills, choosing the right air rifle and understanding how to use it effectively is essential.

Key Takeaways

🔹 Understand the Types of Air Rifles – Spring-piston, PCP, CO2, and gas ram rifles each have their own advantages and limitations.
🔹 Choose the Right Caliber – .177 for target shooting, .22 for pest control and hunting, and .25 for high-power applications.
🔹 Stay Within UK Legal Limits – Ensure your rifle is under 12 ft-lbs unless you have an FAC license.
🔹 Practice Proper Shooting Techniques – A solid stance, breathing control, and good trigger discipline improve accuracy.
🔹 Maintain Your Rifle – Regular cleaning and proper storage extend its lifespan and keep it performing at its best.
🔹 Follow UK Laws & Regulations – Only shoot in legal locations and always transport your rifle safely.

Encouragement for Beginners

Getting started with air rifles doesn’t have to be overwhelming. With the right knowledge, safety practices, and regular training, you can quickly develop the skills needed to shoot accurately and responsibly. Consider joining an air rifle club to gain hands-on experience and connect with other enthusiasts.

Where to Buy Air Rifles in the UK

If you’re looking to purchase an air rifle, you can explore our dedicated air rifle listings to find new and second-hand rifles from trusted sellers. Whether you’re after a budget-friendly beginner rifle or a high-end PCP model, you’ll find plenty of options.

👉 Browse our latest air rifle listings here: Air Rifles

Next Steps: Keep Learning & Explore our other Guides

Want to learn more about air rifles? Check out our other detailed guides to help you make informed decisions:

📌 Best Air Rifles for Beginners
📌 Top Hunting Air Rifles in the UK
📌 How to Maintain & Clean Your Air Rifle

🔥 Start your air rifle journey today! Browse our listings, read our guides, and get ready to enjoy one of the most rewarding shooting experiences available in the UK.

---

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) – Air Rifle Guide